Propionate is primarily produced in the gut through the fermentation of dietary fibres by specific groups of bacteria. Bacteria such as Alistipes and Coprococcus are involved in the breakdown of complex carbohydrates, releasing propionate as a metabolic byproduct.
Here are five key roles of propionate in human health:
- Gut Health: Propionate promotes gut barrier integrity, reduces inflammation, and regulates the immune response in the gastrointestinal tract.
- Metabolic Regulation: Propionate plays a role in regulating glucose metabolism, including gluconeogenesis (production of glucose) and insulin sensitivity. That means propionate influences blood sugar control.
- Appetite Regulation: Propionate may help regulate appetite by affecting how hungry and how full we feel before, during and after meals. That means propionate plays a role in weight management.
- Cholesterol Metabolism: Propionate may impact cholesterol metabolism by inhibiting cholesterol production and promoting its excretion in faeces. That means propionate influences the circulating lipids (fats) in your blood. This includes cholesterol and triglycerides.
- Brain Function: Emerging evidence suggests that propionate may affect brain function and the release of neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, and potentially others. These neurotransmitters play crucial roles in modulating brain function, including cognitive processes and mental well-being. The exact mechanisms through which propionate interacts with neurotransmitter synthesis are still being explored.
In summary, propionate plays important roles in gut health, metabolic and appetite regulation, cholesterol production and excretion, and brain function. As a result, propionate contributes to overall physical and mental wellbeing.
Fun fact about propionate
The holes that characterise Swiss cheeses like Emmental, Gruyère, and Jarlsber are the result of the fermentation process where propionate is produced. Propionate is produced by bacteria during the dairy fermentation process, not only creating the holes but also adding a slightly tangy flavour to the cheese and contributing to its unique aroma.
Where to find your propionate score in the Chuckling Goat Gut Microbiome Test
The Chuckling Goat Gut Microbiome Test features your propionate score in the postbiotics report. You will also find an overall postbiotic score in that same report that includes all 3 short-chain fatty acids or postbiotics: butyrate, acetate, and propionate. Guidance on how to work with your propionate score will be featured in your personal action plan. Please note that this information is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your GP or other qualified health provider if you have any questions about the impact of propionate on your health.
Important disclaimer
The Chuckling Goat Gut Microbiome Handbook is an educational resource built to translate complex science into plain English. The information provided on this page is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your GP or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Always check with your GP for interactions with medications/health conditions before changing your diet or starting to take food supplements.
